gast

See also: Gast and gäst

English

Etymology

From Middle English gasten, from Old English gǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną. Also spelled ghast due to association with ghost.

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɡɑːst/
- Audio (Southern England): (file)
(General American) IPA^(key): /ɡæst/
Rhymes: -ɑːst, -æst

Verb

gast (third-person singular simple present gasts, present participle gasting, simple past and past participle gasted)

(obsolete) To frighten.
- c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
  Or whether gasted by the noise I made, full suddenly he fled.

Anagrams

ATGs, GATS, GTAs, TAGs, gats, stag, tags

Breton

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Irish gast, from Proto-Celtic *gasliyā, from *gas, of uncertain ultimate origin, but compare French gouine (“lesbian”), and Proto-Brythonic *gwėɣin (“sheath”).^[1]

Noun

gast f (plural gisti)

(vulgar, derogatory) whore, bitch

Inflection

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Mutation of gast

Breton consonant mutation
	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	gast	c'hast	unchanged	kast
plural	gisti	c'histi	unchanged	kisti

References

^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “gast”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[1], Stirling, →ISBN

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Doublet of gejst.

Noun

gast

(obsolete) ghost, revenant
Synonyms: spøgelse, genganger, genfærd, gespenst

Etymology 2

From German Gast (“guest”), from Proto-West Germanic *gasti. Doublet of gæst.

Noun

gast c (singular definite gasten, plural indefinite gaster)

a (unspecialized) crewmember on a ship
Synonyms: matros, sømand

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣɑst/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: gast
Rhymes: -ɑst

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch gast, from Old Dutch *gast, from Proto-West Germanic *gasti, from Proto-Germanic *gastiz.

Noun

gast m (plural gasten, diminutive gastje n)

guest
Synonym: genodigde

Antonyms: gastheer, gastvrouw

Ik heb afgelopen week wat familie te gast gehad. ― Some family members stayed with me as guests last week.
(chiefly in combinations) knave, worker, apprentice, delivery boy
Antonyms: meester, stagemeester
(colloquial) dude, guy
Synonyms: gozer, vent

Die gast is echt niet goed bij z'n hoofd. ― That guy really isn't right in the head.

Zijn broer is best een aardige gast. ― His brother is quite a nice guy.

Gast, waar heb je het nou helemaal over? ― Dude, what are you even on about?

Derived terms

Descendants

Negerhollands: gast

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

gast

inflection of gassen:
1. second/third-person singular present indicative
2. (archaic) plural imperative

Gothic

Romanization

gast

Romanization of 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄

Icelandic

Verb

gast

singular past indicative of getast

Middle English

Noun

gast

Alternative form of gost

Old English

Alternative forms

gǣst, gaast

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡɑːst/

Noun

gāst m

spirit
sē Hālga Gāst
the Holy Spirit

Iċ bēo mid þē on gāste.
I'll be with you in spirit.
ghost
breath
demon

Declension

Declension of gast (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	gāst	gāstas
accusative	gāst	gāstas
genitive	gāstes	gāsta
dative	gāste	gāstum

Derived terms

gāstlīċ (“spiritual”)

Descendants

Middle English: gost, gast, gaast, goost, goste
- English: ghost
- Scots: gaist, gast, ghaist
- Yola: gaast

Old French

Alternative forms

wast

Etymology

Based on Latin vastus (“uncultivated, unoccupied”)

Noun

gast oblique singular, m (oblique plural gaz or gatz, nominative singular gaz or gatz, nominative plural gast)

destruction

Adjective

gast m (oblique and nominative feminine singular gaste)

destroyed; ravaged; decimated

Descendants

English: waste (from the variant wast)

References

Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (gast)
gast on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub

Old Frisian

Alternative forms

gēst

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Cognates include Old English gāst and Old Saxon gēst.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɡaːst/

Noun

gāst m

ghost, spirit

Descendants

Saterland Frisian: Gäist, Jeest
West Frisian: geast

References

Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, see also Old Norse gestr, Latin hostis (“enemy”).

Noun

gast m (plural gesti)

guest

Declension

Declension of gast (masculine i-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	gast	gesti
accusative	gast	gesti
genitive	gastes	gesto
dative	gaste	gestim, gesten
instrumental	gastu	—

Derived terms

gasttuom

Descendants

Middle High German: gast
- Bavarian: Gåst
- German: Gast
  - → Esperanto: gasto
- Luxembourgish: Gaascht
- Yiddish: גאַסט (gast)

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, whence also Old English ġiest.

Noun

gast m

guest

Declension

Declension of gast (masculine i-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	gast	gest
accusative	gast	gest
genitive	gasties	gastiō
dative	gastie	gastium
instrumental	—	—

Descendants

Middle Low German: gast
- Westphalian:
  Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Gast
  
  Sauerländisch: Gast
  
  Westmünsterländisch: Gast
- Plautdietsch: Gaust
- → Saterland Frisian: Gast
- → West Frisian: gast

Swedish

Etymology 1

See gäst

Noun

gast c

A crew member on a ship

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish gaster, possibly borrowed from Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.

Noun

gast c

A ghost
Synonym: vålnad

Usage notes

The more common word for ghost is spöke.

Declension

Declension of gast
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	gast	gasten	gastar	gastarna
Genitive	gasts	gastens	gastars	gastarnas

Derived terms

gastkramande

References

Anagrams

sagt, stag, tags

Welsh

Etymology

From Irish gast, from Proto-Celtic *gasliyā, from *gas, of uncertain ultimate origin, but compare French gouine (“lesbian”), and Proto-Brythonic *gwėɣin (“sheath”).^[1]

Noun

gast f (plural geist)

(vulgar, derogatory, offensive) bitch

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gast	ast	ngast	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “galla”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[2], Stirling, →ISBN

[1] MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “gast”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[1], Stirling, →ISBN

[2] MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “galla”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[2], Stirling, →ISBN

[1]

[1]

gast

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Anagrams

Breton

Etymology

Noun

Inflection

References

Danish

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Further reading

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Verb

Gothic

Romanization

Icelandic

Verb

Middle English

Noun

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

Adjective

Descendants

References

Old Frisian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

References

Old High German

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

Old Saxon

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Descendants

Swedish

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Usage notes

Declension

Derived terms

References

Anagrams

Welsh

Etymology

Noun

Mutation

References

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