Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kewH-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

    *(s)kewH-

    1. to cover, conceal, hide
    2. hide, skin

    Extensions[edit]

    • *(s)kéwH-dʰh₁eti
      • ⇒? *(s)kewdʰ- (with laryngeal deletion?)
        • Proto-Celtic: *koudeti
        • Proto-Hellenic: *kéutʰō
          • Ancient Greek: κεύθω (keúthō, “to cover, hide, conceal”)
        • ⇒ *(s)kéwdʰ-tis
          • Proto-Hellenic:
            • >? Ancient Greek: κύστις (kústis, “bladder”) (cf. *(s)kewH-tis; alternatively from *ḱewh₁-)
        • ⇒ *(s)kéwdʰ-ye-ti
          • Proto-Germanic: *hūdijaną[1] (see there for further descendants)
            • Proto-West Germanic: *hūdijan
              • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *hudijā, *hudjā (“hut, shelter”)
                • >? Old High German: hutta (“hut, cottage”) (see there for further descendants)

    Derived terms[edit]

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kewH-‎ (7 c, 0 e)
    • *(s)ku-né-H-ti
    • *(s)kewH-lo-
      • >? Proto-Celtic: *kūlos
        • Proto-Brythonic: *kil
          • Breton: kil (“nape, back”)
          • Welsh: cil (“corner, nook; nape, back”)
        • Old Irish: cúl (“posterior”)
      • Proto-Germanic: *skeulą (“shelter, hiding place”)[2] (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skiulijaną (“to shelter, hide”)[3] (see there for further descendants)
      • >? Proto-Italic: *kūlos[4]
        • Latin: cūlus (“posterior”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic:
    • *(s)kewH-ṓ
      • Proto-Germanic: *skiwô (“cloud cover, haze, sky”)[6] (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skiwją (“cloud, sky”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *(s)kéwH-tis ~ *(s)kuH-téys (“skin, hide; sac”)
      • Proto-Celtic: *kutis
        • Proto-Brythonic: *kud
          • Welsh: cwd (“pouch, bag, sac, purse; scrotum”)
      • Proto-Germanic: *hūdiz (“hide, skin”)[7] (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *kutis[8]
        • Latin: cutis (“skin, hide, leather”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Tocharian: *kwāc[9][10]
        • Tocharian A: kāc (“skin”)
      • ⇒ *(s)kuH-ty-eh₂ or *(s)kuH-ty-ō[9]
    • *(s)kowH-éh₂[11]
      • Proto-Germanic: *hawō
        • Old Norse: há f (“hide”)
    • *(s)kówH-l̥ ~ *(s)kówH-ōl
      • ⇒ *(s)kowH-ol-ō
        • Proto-Germanic: *skawalô[12]
          • >? Old Norse: skáli (“small building, shed, barn; room; drinking hall”)
            • → Middle English: scale
              • English: scale (dialectal)
            • Faroese: skáli
            • Icelandic: skáli (“hut, shed; barn, lodge; hall, dining hall”)
            • Norwegian Bokmål: skåle (“hut”)
            • Swedish: skål, skåla (“hut”) (dialectal)
    • *(s)kuH-r-éh₂
      • Proto-Germanic: *skūrō (“shelter”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *(s)kuH-s-ó-m
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *hūsą (“house”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *(s)kúH-t-ō
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *huþô (“testicle”)[13] (see there for further descendants)
    • *(s)kuH-tó-m
      • Latin: scūtum (“shield, defense”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *(s)ku(H)-tó-s
      • Ancient Greek: σκῦτος (skûtos, “skin, hide”)
      • Ancient Greek: κύτος (kútos, “hollow vessel”) (possibly, alternatively from *(s)kew- (“to pluck”))
    • Unsorted formations:

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xūđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 196
    2. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*skeulan ~ *skūlan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 339
    3. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*skeuljanan ~ *skūljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[3], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 339
    4. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cūlus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 151
    5. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σκύλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1363
    6. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*skiwōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[4], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 341
    7. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hūdi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 251–252
    8. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cutis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160
    9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Hilmarsson, Jörundur (1985) “Toch. A kāc, Lat. cutis, OIcel. húð < I.E. *kuHtís ‘skin’”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung, volume 98, pages 162–163
    10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kātso”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 165–166
    11. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hawō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 218
    12. ^ de Vries, Jan (1977) “skáli”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary] (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 481b
    13. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xūđiz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[5], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 196: “WGmc *xuþan ‘testicle’”
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