-kene

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Estonian

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Alternative forms

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Suffix

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-kene (genitive -kese, partitive -kest)

  1. A noun suffix that builds diminutives from nouns.
    • kivi (stone) → kivikene (a small stone)

Usage notes

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Diminutives can be stacked, yielding -keseke, -kesekene. The longer forms are rarely used.

Declension

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Declension of -kene (ÕS type 12/oluline, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -kene -kesed
accusative nom.
gen. -kese
genitive -keste
partitive -kest -kesi
illative -kesse
-kesesse
-kestesse
-kesisse
inessive -keses -kestes
-kesis
elative -kesest -kestest
-kesist
allative -kesele -kestele
-kesile
adessive -kesel -kestel
-kesil
ablative -keselt -kestelt
-kesilt
translative -keseks -kesteks
-kesiks
terminative -keseni -kesteni
essive -kesena -kestena
abessive -keseta -kesteta
comitative -kesega -kestega
Declension of -kene (ÕS type 10/soolane, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -kene -kesed
accusative nom.
gen. -kese
genitive -keste
partitive -kest -keseid
illative -kesesse -kestesse
-keseisse
inessive -keses -kestes
-keseis
elative -kesest -kestest
-keseist
allative -kesele -kestele
-keseile
adessive -kesel -kestel
-keseil
ablative -keselt -kestelt
-keseilt
translative -keseks -kesteks
-keseiks
terminative -keseni -kesteni
essive -kesena -kestena
abessive -keseta -kesteta
comitative -kesega -kestega

Ye'kwana

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Variant orthographies
ALIV -kene
Brazilian standard -kene
New Tribes -quene

Etymology

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From -ke +‎ -ne (distant past tense suffix).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-kene

  1. marks the distant past imperfective tense when at least one of the arguments of the verb is not third-person

Usage notes

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This suffix can cause syllable reduction. It never occurs alone but is always accompanied by at least the past imperfective marker -a preceding it.

Derived terms

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References

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  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[1], Lyon, pages 213–222